Esther 5:9-6:13

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“The worse the villain, the better the film” - Alfred Hitchcock And I’d add, the worse things get, the darker, the more hopeless, the more glory to the hero when he redeems it. The goodness of the hero is apparent to the degree of the evilness of the villain. For a hero to truly shine, the villain must be competent, formidable and intimidating. An effective villain is one whom we can reasonably ask ourselves, “Is there a chance that our hero will not be victorious in this story?” The more dark and dire the situation, the more demanding the situation is that the hero must rise to overcome, and the more glory is deserved.

In our story in the book of Esther, we have met a couple of villains 3. And in this point in the story, the situation is rather bleak. We have primarily two villains The king - He made the decree against the Jews and Haman - the mastermind behind the plot. Haman is one of the most villainous characters in the Bible. (So bad in fact, the Jews have a tradition of booing Haman. They have songs about him etc.) The depth of his depravity and the extent to which he’s aligned against the Jews is setting the stage for a hero. A hero who cannot be overcome, who may not assert himself right away, but one that’s worth waiting for and fighting alongside.

As we’ve read through this book we’ve seen the movements of this hero, but we’ve also seen that the time for heroes is not yet fully upon us. And today our story is about the villain. . . Haman. 

This is an important story where we’ll see that God Overcomes Reckless Pride and we’ll learn to reject pride and submit to a victorious God. 

Let’s review - 

We’re in the capital city of Persia, Susa with King Ahasuerus/Xerxes. The king’s top official, Haman, has convinced the king to make a decree to destroy all Jews. Now, with the help of a Jewish man in the city named Mordecai, his niece Esther has become queen. After the decree to murder the Jews was made, at Mordecai’s urging, Esther approached the king and asked for a hearing. The king granted this request and She invited the king and Haman to a feast. She then invited them to a second feast. (Esther probably knew how much the king liked to party and knew the way to his heart.) 

Our story today takes place in between these two feasts. Beginning in chapter 5 verse 9 

5:9 And Haman went out that day joyful and glad of heart. 

Here we have Haman, the main character of this part of the narrative. We see his thoughts, follow him through the story, and see his perspective. So we’ll aim to learn our lessons today through Haman.

The Afterparty (5:9-14)

9 And Haman went out that day joyful and glad of heart. But when Haman saw Mordecai in the king’s gate, that he neither rose nor trembled before him, he was filled with wrath against Mordecai. 

Haman comes out from the first feast feeling great. He’s “joyful and glad of heart.” It’s a self-satisfied joy of success. He “matters.” His plan to destroy the Jews is being carried out, He’s been to the most important meeting of the day. He’s a true insider, but as he heads out of the feast he passes by the King’s gate. 

The king’s gate is a Large building, separating the palace from the city. It’s A place where official business is done. Here Mordecai probably had some official duty. Here at the gate, Hamon sees Mordecai.

Now, recall that this isn’t the first time Mordecai and Haman have interacted this way. Interestingly, Haman was likely feeling “joyful and glad of heart” at this first interaction as well - 

Esther 3:1-2 "After these things King Ahasuerus promoted Haman the Agagite, the son of Hammedatha, and advanced him and set his throne above all the officials who were with him. And all the king’s servants who were at the king’s gate bowed down and paid homage to Haman, for the king had so commanded concerning him. But Mordecai did not bow down or pay homage."

Returning to Chapter 5: Haman reflects on the day, the delightful food, and the influential people he was with, and when he sees Mordecai he’s reminded of the blatant disrespect he suffered in chapter 3. His thoughts of his stature and his importance take a back seat. Mordecai didn’t honor Haman the first time. Would he dare repeat this offense now? 

Mordecai again doesn’t show him the respect he thinks he deserves. Not only does Mordecai not bow (as described in Chapter 3), but now he doesn’t even stand. He just remains seated, “he neither rose nor trembled.” Now all of his anger from before and this additional display of even greater disrespect fills Haman with rage. Mordecai is pouring gas on the fire of Haman’s anger. Despite Haman’s initial lofty spirits he is no doubt consumed with thoughts about Mordecai for the rest of his journey home, likely considering his options.

10 Nevertheless, Haman restrained himself and went home, and he sent and brought his friends and his wife Zeresh. 11 And Haman recounted to them the splendor of his riches, the number of his sons, all the promotions with which the king had honored him, and how (the king) had advanced him above the officials and the servants of the king. 12 Then Haman said, “Even Queen Esther let no one but me come with the king to the feast she prepared. And tomorrow also I am invited by her together with the king. 13 Yet all this is worth nothing to me, so long as I see Mordecai the Jew sitting at the king’s gate.” 14 Then his wife Zeresh and all his friends said to him, “Let a gallows fifty cubits high be made, and in the morning tell the king to have Mordecai hanged upon it. Then go joyfully with the king to the feast.” This idea pleased Haman, and he had the gallows made. 

Haman doesn’t respond immediately but continues home. He has some “restraint” and doesn’t respond to Mordecai. He gathers his friends and his wife and has a little party his own party. He tries to set aside his anger and enjoy his moment.

He then boasts about several things: Splendor of riches, the number of his sons,

(Herodotus, a Greek historian and geographer speaking of the Persians he stated - 136 It is established as a sign of manly excellence next after excellence in fight, to be able to show many sons; and to those who have most, the king sends gifts every year: for they consider the number to be a source of strength. And they educate their children, beginning at five years old and going on till twenty, in three things only, in riding, in shooting, and in speaking the truth: but before the boy is five years old he does not come into the presence of his father, but lives with the women; and it is so done for this reason, that if the child should die while he is being bred up, he may not be the cause of any grief to his father.) 

All his promotions, the extent of his promotions - he had advanced above the other servants and officials These are his friends and family - they undoubtedly already knew this. He’s using a dramatic technique leading to his major boast. Finally, all this, leads to his boast that Esther invited him to come with the king for a feast. “Even Queen Esther let no one but me come” and not only that! He was going to another tomorrow! “And tomorrow, I am invited. . .” “All this is worth nothing to me.” He can’t quite contain sharing his irritation with Mordecai though. Despite all these wonderful things for Haman he has to get his irritation with Mordecai off his chest, it’s still nagging him. It’s in the back of his mind goading him. He’s irritated, distracted and He says, “All this is worth nothing to me so long as I see Mordecai the Jew sitting at the king’s gate.” 

Here’s where we get a peek into the heart of Haman. Here, he reveals more truth about who he is. We’re seeing in him escalating excitement in his position and influence and also escalating irritation/anger at Mordecai. there’s a rising tension. Despite being number two in the kingdom, despite having the most exclusive invite in the kingdom, despite having the ear of the king, his spirit is brought low by a man sitting at the city gate. He has the world but is being taken low by a simple act from a lesser man who’s been condemned to die. Haman is used to being praised. He’s accustomed to the favor of man and His pride is desperate for attention. 

We should consider our hearts here. We all have reasons to be proud. All have some area where we carry influence. The temptation to revel in that is always present. Having influence, friends, worldly success. . . there’s a natural urging to attach our identity to our successes, and here we see in Haman a contrast to how we’re instructed as believers to act 

Galatians 1:10 “For am I now seeking the approval of man, or of God? Or am I trying to please man? If I were still trying to please man, I would not be a servant of Christ.” 

It’s impossible to please both and we see this in the wisdom of Proverbs 29: “The fear of man lays a snare, but whoever trusts in the LORD is safe.” Proverbs 29:25

Haman is a man seeking his own glory so let’s check our own hearts and not fall in this area as well.

Haman’s wife offers him advice and it seems that her advice is as big as his boasting. To offend a man of such stature surely requires a punishment as big as his offense! Let’s get rid of this guy - hang him! But not just on any gallows - let's make it enormous so everyone knows the magnitude of his offense - “What did this guy do to earn this punishment?” Zaresh and Haman’s friends are playing into his pride. They are playing along with Haman and I imagine this was a pretty festive environment. Haman gathered these people for this reason, after all. He was boasting about things these people already knew and I imagine the statements made by everyone continued to get more and more exaggerated so that by the time Zaresh and his friends speak, the only appropriate response is one as big as the moment. This is similar to a party or gathering with people sharing stories and the stories keep getting funnier or larger in scope and things are exaggerated for dramatic purposes. The tone is likely light and celebratory initially but it becomes a little difficult not to turn this story into a cartoon. As a reminder of what gallows are - probably impaling on a stake. One foot tall may include the hill that the gallows would be on. So Haman is advised to send Mordecai to the gallows, then he can go to the feast unbothered. Haman’s response to this suggestion is immediate acceptance. There’s no evidence he considered it any further. A quick and definitive solution 

What we learn - Pride is desperate for attention 

Haman is accomplished – he’s the number two guy in the kingdom. He’s already accomplished and acknowledged. Haman is proud - he’s boastful and prideful of his accomplishments. Haman is fragile - Mordecai can bring his spirits low - he’s so desperate for attention that he needs validation and recognition from everyone and he’s deeply offended if he doesn’t get it. He’s elevated in his own mind - he needs recognition and in this desperation, the conflict is building. . . he’s doing silly things. Remember, things are looking really bad for the Jews right now. The king’s decree has been made. Evil is winning. Our flawed villain has a plan. And a weakness. This is considered by some to be the lowest moment in the book of Esther. The most hopeless moment. The moment when God seems furthest away.

A Sleepless Night (6:1-10) 

6.1"On that night the king could not sleep. And he gave orders to bring the book of memorable deeds, the chronicles, and they were read before the king. And it was found written how Mordecai had told about Bigthana and Teresh, two of the king’s eunuchs, who guarded the threshold, and who had sought to lay hands on King Ahasuerus."

Now we have a change of scene, leaving a disturbed Haman we move to the king’s bedroom. Note that King Ahasueras is not referred to by name in verse 1, but by his title. He is referred to as the king 19 times. In this whole passage his name is only mentioned once - in 6:2. Addressing the king by his title instead of his name is a way to de-emphasize his role in the story - strengthening our assertion that the passage’s main character is Haman 

The king can’t sleep and many commentators suggest that this is the turning point in the whole book - a king that cannot sleep. We’ve noted that God isn’t mentioned directly but we’ve been watching for signs of God throughout the book. Signs he’s active, he’s working, he cares for his people. He has surprised us before with serendipity and irony in the ways he works through strange and unlikely situations and a king that can’t fall asleep definitely counts as an unlikely way for God to change the direction of the story. 

We’re reminded of the truth of Romans 8:28 “And we know that for those who love God all things work together for good, for those who are called according to his purpose.” 

We know that God loves all his people including those in Persia. God’s moving is creative, it’s not always immediate, but it is inevitable and so we look for Him. We search him out to see where he’s working.

The king figures he’ll get sleepy with the book of memorable deeds. The sense of the phrase “read before the king” implies a continuous, extensive reading so there was likely a prolonged time of reading from the book. The Book of memorable deeds is a ledger of victories won, lands conquered, and tribute imposed. The king is probably sitting in his bed, or a chair, listening, remembering, basking in moments of victory and savagery and as he’s listening he comes across the story of Mordecai who exposed an assassination plot. The book of memorable deeds may have read like Chapter Two. . . 

2:21 In those days, as Mordecai was sitting at the king’s gate, Bigthana and Teresh, two of the king’s eunuchs, who guarded the threshold, became angry and sought to lay hands on King Ahasuerus. And this came to the knowledge of Mordecai, and he told it to Queen Esther, and Esther told the king in the name of Mordecai. When the affair was investigated and found to be so, the men were both hanged on the gallows. And it was recorded in the book of the chronicles in the presence of the king. 

Recall that pastor Tony, with great restraint himself, made note of this event, mentioning that this event was recorded in the book 

The king was there. He saw it being written down. So he would have most likely remembered this event immediately as he heard it but as Tony mentioned a couple of lessons ago, no reward was bestowed on Mordecai at that time.

Back to chapter 6

6:4 And the king said, “What honor or distinction has been bestowed on Mordecai for this?” The king’s young men who attended him said, “Nothing has been done for him.” And the king said, “Who is in the court?” Now Haman had just entered the outer court of the king’s palace to speak to the king about having Mordecai hanged on the gallows that he had prepared for him. And the king’s young men told him, “Haman is there, standing in the court.” And the king said, “Let him come in.” 

The king reads the story and remembers who Mordecai is and what he did and he asks his servants if anything has been done for Mordecai - kind of like that feeling you get when you’re away from home and you’re not sure if you closed the garage door before leaving. The king learns that nothing has been done and probably gets that urgent feeling - like the kind that you get when you realize the garage door is in fact open and no one is home. 

Now the king is likely awake, Ahasuerus’ failure to honor Mordecai was a remarkable (divinely ordained?) oversight. The Persian kings were reputed to provide quick and abundant rewards to those who had distinguished themselves in their service. A certain Xenagoras, who rescued Ahasuerus’ brother from death, was rewarded by being made the governor of Cilicia. Xenophon observed with admiration that the Persian kings were very generous to their benefactors.” 

In this moment the king starts thinking “This past act deserves some honor - I should do something for him and it must be significant to make up for lost time. As we’ve seen before, the king consults others, So let’s see what someone else thinks. When we reflect on the times in this book when the king listens to someone else, he’s not specific about who this someone is. “Who’s out walking around right now, early in the morning?” - seems trite, as if it didn’t matter who gave advice, just that they had something to offer. Who should happen to approach the king but Haman who as coming in to speak with the king anyway about the same man who the king was thinking about. But their perspectives were very different. Haman’s plans and the king’s oversight were converging 

Haman came with a request to hang Mordecai but the king’s with a desire is to honor Mordecai.

6:6 So Haman came in, and the king said to him, “What should be done to the man whom the king delights to honor?” And Haman said to himself, “Whom would the king delight to honor more than me?” And Haman said to the king, “For the man whom the king delights to honor, let royal robes be brought, which the king has worn, and the horse that the king has ridden, and on whose head a royal crown is set. And let the robes and the horse be handed over to one of the king’s most noble officials. Let them dress the man whom the king delights to honor, and let them lead him on the horse through the square of the city, proclaiming before him: ‘Thus shall it be done to the man whom the king delights to honor.’ ” 

Haman enters. And there’s this moment in the story where their agendas will come in conflict. Haman’s agenda - approach the king about hanging Mordecai immediately. The king’s agenda - figuring out what to do about not honoring Mordecai earlier. The king being to speak first and Haman, in his pride, assumes, just knows, that the king is wishing to honor him. This little diversion from his agenda isn’t so bad! He believes the king is asking him under the guise of a general question and then will reveal that he is the beneficiary. After all, “Whom would the king delight to honor more than me?” Haman’s pride is revealed again and he demonstrates here that Pride is presumptuous - it thinks too highly of itself and comes to incorrect conclusions based on false assumptions. It overestimates itself. The definition of presumptuous is, failing to observe the limits of what is permitted or appropriate. (Like going into someone’s house and helping yourself to the refrigerator, or borrowing someone’s car without asking.) Haman presumed that he was talented, important, so much better that he was the only possible one the king could have been seeking to honor. And it’s not a completely irrational conclusion. The honoring of Haman was extensive. He’s been honored repeatedly, has enough influence to convince the king to destroy an entire people group, and so far in the story has only been outwardly successful. But, he’s careless in his assumptions and that’s the blinding power of pride. (Jeremiah 9:23-24) - presumption is careless.

Haman, in assuming the honor is intended for him, you might not be surprised to hear that Haman has an elaborate idea. Let me tell you about the significance of some of the king’s suggestions because some have special significance in Persian culture. Robes are commonly mentioned as gifts given by Persian kings and the King’s robes themselves would have been recognizable and distinct (probably purple and white with concentric circles and pictures of lions.) Next, being allowed to ride on the king’s horse was a sign of royal favor, raising his status significantly. The horse would likely have the royal crest. Next, there’s historical writing that suggests that the king had previously rejected a request to wear the king’s crown, And finally, being dressed by the king’s most noble officials (The king’s MOST noble official being Haman himself.) He wants his colleagues to dress him up and parade him around town proclaiming the honor (Town meaning among the citizens.) This was a very public showing and was a big ask. It’s the elevation of the honored to kingly status it’s really the most ostentatious display of kingly favor. It’s over the top. 

6:10 Then the king said to Haman, “Hurry; take the robes and the horse, as you have said, and do so to Mordecai the Jew, who sits at the king’s gate. Leave out nothing that you have mentioned.” 

The king agrees with such a display and tells Haman to “hurryand do so to Mordecai the Jew.” What? Haman is not the subject of honor! Mordecai is! What a surprise Imagine the face of Haman at this moment. Pride is presumptuous and Haman is suffering the consequences. This is a major turning point in the plot and a delightful turn of events and foreshadowing of what’s to come. The Irony of the lowly being exalted and the elevated being humbled building and releasing tension in the story. We’ve relieved the tension between the king and Haman but exchanged it for greater tension between Haman and Mordecai. Notice that the story began with Haman looking down on Mordecai as he was looking for honor but not receiving it. It ends with Mordecai on a horse looking down at Haman receiving the very honor Haman was looking for. But how will Haman respond? What has he really lost? 

Woe is Me! (6:11-13) 

6:11 So Haman took the robes and the horse, and he dressed Mordecai and led him through the square of the city, proclaiming before him, “Thus shall it be done to the man whom the king delights to honor.” Then Mordecai returned to the king’s gate. But Haman hurried to his house, mourning and with his head covered. And Haman told his wife Zeresh and all his friends everything that had happened to him. Then his wise men and his wife Zeresh said to him, “If Mordecai, before whom you have begun to fall, is of the Jewish people, you will not overcome him but will surely fall before him.” Now, the humiliation. Haman takes the king’s robes and horse and dresses Mordecai, then parades him through the city. We’re seeing a striking example of James 4:6, “God opposes the proud but gives grace to the humble.” 

Haman is Loudly proclaiming “Thus shall be done to the man whom the king delights to honor.” I do wonder how loud he was proclaiming that. . . Maybe with the same enthusiasm that Jonah had in proclaiming the gospel to Nineveh. What a sharp distinction from his original plan on entering the king’s court - the hanging of Mordecai upon the gallows.

After the honoring, Mordecai returns to the king’s gate. A pretty pedestrian comment as Mordecai was honored and went back to his daily routine. Not just any honor - really, the honor of a lifetime. And his response? No party, no gathering of his friends and family, no boasting, no reveling, just a “return to work.” Mordecai experienced the victory and got back to work. Mordecai accepted the praise of man but didn’t internalize the praise of man. This is instructive for us as we’ll likey have moments of victory and when we do our response matters, our identity matters.

Luke 17:7-10 “Will any one of you who has a servant plowing or keeping sheep say to him when he has come in from the field, ‘Come at once and recline at table’? Will he not rather say to him, ‘Prepare supper for me, and dress properly, and serve me while I eat and drink, and afterward you will eat and drink’? Does he thank the servant because he did what was commanded? So you also, when you have done all that you were commanded, say, ‘We are unworthy servants; we have only done what was our duty.’ ” 

We are mere servants of the True King, and as such we should not view outcomes in the same way the world does. As we succeed and fail, we view those successes and failures as God’s workings in our lives leading us to opportunities to work with him in his work. So we view our life’s circumstances in light of God’s moving, and we can’t do that when we get caught up in the world’s way of doing things, Haman’s way of doing things. 

Haman’s humiliation - Haman’s response contrasts sharply with Mordecai. He “hurried to his house, mourning and with his head covered.” Mordecai legitimately deserved honor as defined in the Persian culture (for saving the king) but because of his disdain for Mordecai and the Jewish people, Haman could not honor him, worthy of it or not. He demonstrates that Pride rejects the honorable. His own need for glory and validation prevents him from giving honor to anything that may threaten his position. He’s protective of his position and therefore hostile to anything that threatens it. Haman’s fragile ego is broken, he pursued the praise of man and internalized the outcome. Mordecai however, recognizes the honor as a nice but ultimately superficial and meaningless display. Playing king for a few minutes is a far cry from being the king. But to Haman, this perceived misdirected honor is devastating. Look how he goes home - “mourning and with his head covered,” he’s utterly humiliated. His plans to murder Mordecai are ruined and the honor that he thought was due to him went to Mordecai.\

Now, for the second time, Haman goes home but under entirely different circumstances. The first time joyful and glad of heart, now mourning and with his head covered. The first time glorified and honored and boasting - he was raised and elevated but now, humiliated and lowly. The first time seeking counsel regarding Mordecai and receiving anticipation of victory over Mordecai, now to receive counsel of sure defeat. Zaresh states that Haman has “already begun to fall” - there are signs already that defeat is inevitable. Seeing that Haman has begun to fall, Zaresh states, that Mordecai is of the Jewish people, “you will not overcome him but will surely fall before him.” This is pagan royalty just acknowledged something unique. The advice she gives is the opposite of what she gave the first time. Why does she say this? What makes Mordecai the Jew someone who will not be overcome? Is it because of the power or prestige of Mordecai? Well, partially. Let’s look at this phrase “Mordecai the Jew” 

Mordecai is mentioned 65 times in the book, but only as “Mordecai the Jew” 5 times. The book refers to his Jewish ties in - 2:5 (his introduction), 5:13 (Yet all this is worth nothing to me, so long as Mordecai the Jew is sitting at the King’s Gate), 6:10, 8:7, 9:29, 10:3 - Note that other than the introduction, these are the first two times that Mordecai has been associated with being a Jew. Let’s take a closer look at Mordecai and how he’s referenced. Previously, he was just Mordecai. So what’s the difference and does it matter? What makes Mordecai Jewish? His God - Yahweh. He’s one of God’s people and by being identified as one of God’s people, he’s representing God to the world. This association links God to Mordecai and Mordecai to God. *The text is telling us when God is working by associating Mordecai with God. When Mordecai is identified with the Jews in the text, we’re getting signaled - God is working through Mordecai - consider it’s usage. Zeresh may be saying that Mordecai of the Jewish people will not be overcome, but the text is telling us that the God of the Jewish people will not be overcome 

We have seen Haman embrace pride and seek honor for himself - and we learn - God Overcomes Reckless Pride, and we should reject pride and submit to a victorious God 

Haman really had the world, second in the kingdom, all worldly power, fame and wealth, yet within a day he was disgraced. Why? Because he opposed the God of the Jews

Proverbs 16:5 states “The Lord detests all the proud of heart. Be sure of this: they will not go unpunished.” 

We’ve seen the fruit of pride, A pride that desperately seeks attention, that is presumptuous, that rejects that which is honorable because it feels threatened by the truly honorable. In these ways pride blinds us to reality, and unchecked, the same pride that Haman displays takes root in us all.) So let’s ask of ourselves and ask God to reveal the areas in our life where we are proud. Areas where we seek attention at the expense of others. Situations where we assume we have more to offer than others. Times where we fail to recognize goodness and purity and excellence because we’re occupied thinking about and protecting ourselves. Learn from the story of Haman - and “Humble yourselves in the sight of the Lord, and he shall lift you up.” James 4:10. Submit to a victorious God. 

Our main character for the the narrative, Haman, has come head to head with God, through Mordecai. Haman has represented evil throughout the story. His evil schemes, his murderous ways and his pride in his numerous successes and accomplishments. Up to now it seems like Haman could not be overcome. Evil was winning. But not forever. God is moving behind in the story. God is present. God is working in the details. In a king who cannot sleep. In a simple man who works at the city gate. God is quiet for awhile, and victory may look far off. Even when evil seems to have the upper hand. Today’s story is the story of history and it’s our story. We are surrounded by evil daily. It’s all around us. It influences every encounter, every thought, every relationship. And since sin entered the world it’s been ever-present but - God loved the world and had an answer. Defeat for the vilest of villains - sin and death

Listen how Hebrews describes this, 

“Through death, He (Jesus) might destroy the one who has the power of death, that is, the devil, and deliver all those who through fear of death were subject to lifelong slavery.” (Hebrews 2:15) 

Now, “There is now no condemnation for those who are in Christ Jesus.” (Romans 8:1) 

After Jesus rose again, he left us in the world, not in sin but with sin. So we ourselves should receive the counsel of Zaresh - “If the church, before whom Satan has begun to fall, is of God, he will not overcome them.” We have a hero big enough to meet any adversary. So if you haven’t trusted the work of Christ on the cross to atone for your sin, know that now is the opportunity, today is the day to align yourself with God. At the very least consider the implications of your choice. 

For we know that as Phillippians says in 2:10,

“that at the name of Jesus every knee should bow, in heaven and on earth and under the earth, and every tongue confess that Jesus Christ is Lord, to the glory of God the Father.” 

If you’re in this life surrounded by sin and death, sadness, and disability, consider the truth that we serve a God of victory who will not be overcome. So we anticipate that victory. And that the storyline illustrated in this small narrative represents how God works. Villains exist, challenges exist, and pain exists, and we’re charged to trust our good God, the great, worthy hero, with our lives. So live in anticipation of our next chapter, let’s see next week if the prophecy of Zaresh is fulfilled 

What a time for a second feast and for Esther to finally make her request . . . 

Taught by Tom Didier

Verse By Verse Fellowship

Esther